Therapeutic substituted cyclopentanes

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are compounds having the formula (I) wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond; Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; or Y is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functional group; A is —(CH 2 ) 6 —, cis —CH 2 CH═CH—(CH 2 ) 3 —, or —CH 2 C═C—(CH 2 ) 3 —, wherein 1 or 2 carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH 2 ) m —Ar—(CH 2 ) o — wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH 2 — may be replaced by S or O, and 1 —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; U 1  and U 2  are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN; and B is aryl or heteroaryl, for use as acular hypotensive agent.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT patentapplication PCT/US08/68716, filed on Jun. 30, 2008, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/947,904, filed Jul. 3,2007, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Ocular hypotensive agents are useful in the treatment of a number ofvarious ocular hypertensive conditions, such as post-surgical andpost-laser trabeculectomy ocular hypertensive episodes, glaucoma, and aspresurgical adjuncts.

Glaucoma is a disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocularpressure. On the basis of its etiology, glaucoma has been classified asprimary or secondary. For example, primary glaucoma in adults(congenital glaucoma) may be either open-angle or acute or chronicangle-closure. Secondary glaucoma results from pre-existing oculardiseases such as uveitis, intraocular tumor or an enlarged cataract.

The underlying causes of primary glaucoma are not yet known. Theincreased intraocular tension is due to the obstruction of aqueous humoroutflow. In chronic open-angle glaucoma, the anterior chamber and itsanatomic structures appear normal, but drainage of the aqueous humor isimpeded. In acute or chronic angle-closure glaucoma, the anteriorchamber is shallow, the filtration angle is narrowed, and the iris mayobstruct the trabecular meshwork at the entrance of the canal ofSchlemm. Dilation of the pupil may push the root of the iris forwardagainst the angle, and may produce pupilary block and thus precipitatean acute attack. Eyes with narrow anterior chamber angles arepredisposed to acute angle-closure glaucoma attacks of various degreesof severity.

Secondary glaucoma is caused by any interference with the flow ofaqueous humor from the posterior chamber into the anterior chamber andsubsequently, into the canal of Schlemm. Inflammatory disease of theanterior segment may prevent aqueous escape by causing completeposterior synechia in iris bombe, and may plug the drainage channel withexudates. Other common causes are intraocular tumors, enlargedcataracts, central retinal vein occlusion, trauma to the eye, operativeprocedures and intraocular hemorrhage.

Considering all types together, glaucoma occurs in about 2% of allpersons over the age of 40 and may be asymptotic for years beforeprogressing to rapid loss of vision. In cases where surgery is notindicated, topical β-adrenoreceptor antagonists have traditionally beenthe drugs of choice for treating glaucoma.

Certain eicosanoids and their derivatives are currently commerciallyavailable for use in glaucoma management. Eicosanoids and derivativesinclude numerous biologically important compounds such as prostaglandinsand their derivatives. Prostaglandins can be described as derivatives ofprostanoic acid which have the following structural formula:

Various types of prostaglandins are known, depending on the structureand substituents carried on the alicyclic ring of the prostanoic acidskeleton. Further classification is based on the number of unsaturatedbonds in the side chain indicated by numerical subscripts after thegeneric type of prostaglandin [e.g. prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁),prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)], and on the configuration of the substituentson the alicyclic ring indicated by α or β [e.g. prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF2β)].

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein are compounds having a formula

wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond;Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; orY is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup;A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—;U¹ and U² are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN;andB is aryl or heteroaryl.

These compounds are useful for the treatment of glaucoma and thereduction of intraocular pressure. The compound is incorporated into adosage form or a medicament and administered to the mammal, such as aperson, in need thereof. For example, a liquid composition may beadministered as an eye drop or a solid or liquid dosage form may also beadministered orally. Other types of dosage forms and medicaments arewell known in the art, and may also be used here.

Another embodiment is a composition comprising a compound disclosedherein, wherein said composition is a liquid which is ophthalmicallyacceptable.

Another embodiment is a medicament comprising a compound disclosedherein, wherein said medicament is a liquid which is ophthalmicallyacceptable.

Another embodiment is a method comprising administering a compounddisclosed herein to a mammal for the treatment of glaucoma or elevatedintraocular pressure.

Another embodiment is a kit comprising a composition comprising compounddisclosed herein, a container, and instructions for administration ofsaid composition to a mammal for the treatment of glaucoma or elevatedintraocular pressure.

Methods of formulating compounds such as those disclosed herein forophthalmic and other pharmaceutical preparations are well known in theart. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/599,046, filed onSep. 18, 2006, incorporated by reference herein, describes typicalformulation methods.

For the purposes of this disclosure, “treat,” “treating,” or “treatment”refer to the use of a compound, composition, therapeutically activeagent, or drug in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, orprevention of disease or other undesirable condition.

Unless otherwise indicated, reference to a compound should be construedbroadly to include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs,tautomers, alternate solid forms, non-covalent complexes, andcombinations thereof, of a chemical entity of the depicted structure orchemical name.

A pharmaceutically acceptable salt is any salt of the parent compoundthat is suitable for administration to an animal or human. Apharmaceutically acceptable salt also refers to any salt which may formin vivo as a result of administration of an acid, another salt, or aprodrug which is converted into an acid or salt. A salt comprises one ormore ionic forms of the compound, such as a conjugate add or base,associated with one or more corresponding counter-ions. Salts can formfrom or incorporate one or more deprotonated acidic groups (e.g.carboxylic acids), one or more protonated basic groups (e.g. amines), orboth (e.g. zwitterions).

A prodrug is a compound which is converted to a therapeutically activecompound after administration. While not intending to limit the scope ofthe invention, conversion may occur by hydrolysis of an ester group orsome other biologically labile group. Prodrug preparation is well knownin the art. For example, “Prodrugs and Drug Delivery Systems,” which isa chapter in Richard B. Silverman, Organic Chemistry of Drug Design andDrug Action, 2d Ed., Elsevier Academic Press: Amsterdam, 2004, pp.496-557, provides further detail on the subject.

Tautomers are isomers that are in rapid equilibrium with one another.For example, tautomers may be related by transfer of a proton, hydrogenatom, or hydride ion.

Unless stereochemistry is explicitly depicted, a structure is intendedto include every possible stereoisomer, both pure or in any possiblemixture.

Alternate solid forms are different solid forms than those that mayresult from practicing the procedures described herein. For example,alternate solid forms may be polymorphs, different kinds of amorphoussolid forms, glasses, and the like.

Non-covalent complexes are complexes that may form between the compoundand one or more additional chemical species that do not involve acovalent bonding interaction between the compound and the additionalchemical species. They may or may not have a specific ratio between thecompound and the additional chemical species. Examples might includesolvates, hydrates, charge transfer complexes, and the like.

Since the compounds have several potential stereocenters, severalstereoisomers are possible. Therefore, compounds such as those havingthe structures shown below are contemplated.

Double bonds can be cis or trans. Therefore, compounds according to thestructural depictions below are contemplated.

Since a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond,compounds according to the formula below are also contemplated.

Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; orY is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof, or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup. For the purposes of this disclosure, Y is limited to from 0 to 14carbon atoms and any necessary hydrogen atoms.

An organic acid functional group is an acidic functional group on anorganic molecule. While not intending to be limiting, organic acidfunctional groups may comprise an oxide of carbon, sulfur, orphosphorous. Thus, while not intending to limit the scope of theinvention in any way, in certain compounds Y is a carboxylic acid,sulfonic acid, or phosphonic acid functional group.

Esters and amides of organic functional groups are carbonyl groupsdirectly attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom. Thus, esters of amidesof carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid, and phosphonic acid functionalgroups are depicted below.

An amide may also have a —SO₂— moiety. For example the amide —CONHSO₂R³,wherein R³ is a hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, iscontemplated. R, R¹, R², and R³ are hydrocarbyl subject to theconstraint that Y may not have more than 14 carbon atoms.

An ether of hydroxymethyl is —CH₂OR.

An unsubstituted tetrazolyl functional group has two tautomeric forms,which can rapidly interconvert in aqueous or biological media, and arethus equivalent to one another. These tautomers are shown below.

Additionally, if R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl, phenyl, or biphenyl, other isomericforms of the tetrazolyl functional group such as the one shown below arealso possible, unsubstituted and hydrocarbyl substituted tetrazolyl upto C₁₂ are considered to be within the scope of the term “tetrazolyl.”

In one embodiment, Y is CO₂R⁴, CONR⁶R⁶, CON(CH₂CH₂OH)₂, CONH(CH₂CH₂OH),CH₂OH, P(O)(OH)₂, CONHSO₂R⁴, SO₂NR⁵R⁶,

wherein R⁴R⁵ and R⁶ are independently H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, unsubstitutedphenyl, or unsubstituted biphenyl, provided that Y has no more than 14carbon atoms.

A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—.

Thus, A may be —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—.

Alternatively, A may be a group which is related to one of these threemoieties in that any carbon is replaced with S or O. For example, A maybe a moiety where S replaces one or two carbon atoms such as one of thefollowing or the like.

Alternatively, A may be a moiety where O replaces one or two carbonatoms such as one of the following or the like.

Alternatively, A may have an O replacing one carbon atom and an Sreplacing another carbon atom, such as one of the following or the like.

Alternatively, in certain embodiments A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—. In other words,

in one embodiment A comprises:

-   -   1) a) 1, 2, 3, or 4 —CH₂— moieties, or    -   b) 0, 1 or 2 —CH₂— moieties and —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; and    -   2) Ar;    -   e.g. —CH₂—Ar—, —(CH₂)₂—Ar—, —CH═CH—Ar—, —CH₂—Ar—CH₂—,        —CH₂Ar—(CH₂)₂—, —CH₂Ar—CH═CH—, —CH₂Ar—C≡—, —(CH₂)₂Ar—(CH₂)₂—,        and the like;

in another embodiment A comprises:

-   -   1) a) O; and 0, 1, 2, or 3 —CH₂— moieties; or    -   b) O; and 0 or 1 —CH₂— moieties and —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; and    -   2) Ar;    -   e.g., —O—Ar—, —Ar—CH₂—O—, —O—Ar—(CH₂)₂—, —OAr—CH═CH—,        —O—CH₂—Ar—(CH₂)₂, —O—CH₂Ar—CH═CH—, —O—CH₂Ar—C≡C—, and the like;        or

in another embodiment A comprises:

-   -   1) a) S; and 0, 1, 2, or 3 —CH₂— moieties; or    -   b) S; and 0 or 1 —CH₂— moieties and —CH═CH— or and    -   2) Ar;    -   e.g., —S—Ar—, —Ar—CH₂—S—, —S—Ar—(CH₂)₂—, —SAr—CH═CH—,        —S—CH₂—Ar—(CH₂)₂, —S—CH₂Ar—CH═CH—, —S—CH₂Ar—C≡C—, and the like.

In another embodiment, the sum of m and o is 2, 3, or 4 wherein one CH₂may be replaced with S or O and 1 —CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH—or —C≡C—.

In another embodiment, the sum of m and o is 3 wherein one CH₂ may bereplaced with S or O and 1 —CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or—C≡C—.

In another embodiment, the sum of m and o is 2 wherein one CH₂ may bereplaced with S or O or 1 —CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—.

In another embodiment, the sum of m and o is 4 wherein one CH₂ may bereplaced with S or O and 1 —CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or

Interarylene or heterointerarylene refers to an aryl ring or ring systemor a heteroaryl ring or ring system which connects two other parts of amolecule, i.e. the two parts are bonded to the ring in two distinct ringpositions. Interarylene or heterointerarylene may be substituted orunsubstituted. Unsubstituted interarylene or heterointerarylene has nosubstituents other than the two parts of the molecule it connects.Substituted interarylene or heterointerarylene has substituents inaddition to the two parts of the molecule it connects.

In one embodiment, Ar is substituted or unsubstituted interphenylene,interthienylene, interfurylene, interpyridinylene, interoxazolylene, andinterthiazolylene. In another embodiment Ar is interphenylene (Ph).

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₂-Ph-. Substitutents of Ar each havefrom 0 to 4 carbon atoms, from 0 to 3 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 2 sulfuratoms, from 0 to 2 nitrogen atoms, from 0 to 3 fluorine atoms, from 0 to1 chlorine atoms, from 0 to 1 bromine atoms, from 0 to 1 iodine atoms,and from 0 to 10 hydrogen atoms.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂—Ar—OCH₂—. In another embodiment A is—CH₂-Ph-OCH₂—. In another embodiment, Ph is attached at the 1 and 3positions, otherwise known as m-interphenylene, such as when A has thestructure shown below.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)_(r), or—CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2 carbon atoms may be replaced with S orO; or A is —(CH₂)₂-Ph- wherein one —CH₂— may be replaced with S or O.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or—CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2 carbon atoms may be replaced with S orO; or A is —(CH₂)₂-Ph-.

In one embodiment, Ar is thienyl.

In other embodiments, A has one of the following structures.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂OCH₂Ar—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂SCH₂Ar—.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₃Ar—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₄—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂S(CH₂)₄—.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂) δ7.

In another embodiment A is cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—.

In another embodiment A is —S(CH₂)₃S(CH₂)₂—.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₄OCH₂—.

In another embodiment A is cis —CH₂CH═CH—CH₂OCH₂—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂CH≡CH—CH₂OCH₂—.

In another embodiment A is —(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂-Ph-OCH₂—, wherein Ph is interphenylene.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂-mPh-OCH₂—, wherein mPh ism-interphenylene.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₄—.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂—O—CH₂—Ar—, wherein Ar is2,5-interthienylene.

In another embodiment A is —CH₂—O—CH₂—Ar—, wherein Ar is2,5-interfurylene.

In another embodiment A is (3-methylphenoxy)methyl.

In another embodiment A is (4-but-2-ynyloxy)methyl.

In another embodiment A is 2-(2-ethylthio)thiazol-4-yl.

In another embodiment A is 2-(3-propyl)thiazol-5-yl.

In another embodiment A is 3-(methoxymethyl)phenyl.

In another embodiment A is 3-(3-propylphenyl).

In another embodiment A is 3-methylphenethyl.

In another embodiment A is 4-(2-ethyl)phenyl.

In another embodiment A is 4-phenethyl.

In another embodiment A is 4-methoxybutyl.

In another embodiment A is 5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-yl.

In another embodiment A is 5-(methoxymethyl)thiophen-2-yl.

In another embodiment A is 5-(3-propyl)furan-2-yl.

In another embodiment A is 5-(3-propyl)thiophen-2-yl.

In another embodiment A is 6-hexyl.

In another embodiment A is (Z)-6-hex-4-enyl.

U¹ and U² are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN.Thus, the compounds depicted in the structural formulas below arecontemplated.

In one embodiment, U¹ is Cl and U² is OH.

B is substituted aryl or heteroaryl.

Aryl is an aromatic ring or ring system such as phenyl, naphthyl,biphenyl, and the like.

Heteroaryl is aryl having one or more N, O, or S atoms in the ring, i.e.one or more ring carbons are substituted by N, O, and/or S. While notintending to be limiting, examples of heteroaryl include thienyl,pyridinyl, furyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl, imidizololyl, indolyl, andthe like.

The substituents of B each have from 0 to 6 carbon atoms, from 0 to 3oxygen atoms, from 0 to 2 sulfur atoms, from 0 to 2 nitrogen atoms, from0 to 3 fluorine atoms, from 0 to 1 chlorine atoms, from 0 to 1 bromineatoms, from 0 to 1 iodine atoms, and from 0 to 14 hydrogen atoms.

The substituents on B may be the same or different. For example, B mighthave 2 chloro substituents, or B might have a chloro and a hydroxymethylsubstituent.

The substituents of Ar and B are independent, but the types ofsubstituents contemplated are similar. Thus, subject to the constraintsdescribed herein (i.e. limits on the number of atoms for a substituent),examples of substituents for Ar and B include, but are not limited to:

Hydrocarbyl, meaning a moiety consisting of carbon and hydrogen only,including, but not limited to:

-   -   a. alkyl, meaning hydrocarbyl having no double or triple bonds,        including, but not limited to:        -   linear alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl,            n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc.,        -   branched alkyl, e.g. iso-propyl, 1-butyl and other branched            butyl isomers, branched pentyl isomers, etc.,        -   cycloalkyl, e.g. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,            cyclohexyl, etc.,        -   combinations of linear, branched, and/or cycloalkyl;    -   b. alkenyl, e.g. hydrocarbyl having 1 or more double bonds,        including linear, branched, or cycloalkenyl    -   c. alkynyl, e.g. hydrocarbyl having 1 or more triple bonds,        including linear, branched, or cycloalkenyl;    -   d. combinations of alkyl, alkenyl, and/or akynyl

alkyl-CN, such as —CH₂—CN, —(CH₂)₂—CN; —(CH₂)₃—CN, and the like;

hydroxyalkyl, i.e. alkyl-OH, such as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, andthe like;

ether substituents, including —O-alkyl, alkyl-O-alkyl, and the like;

thioether substituents, including —S-alkyl, alkyl-5-alkyl, and the like;

amine substituents, including —NH₂, —NH-alkyl, —N-alkyl¹alkyl² (i.e.,alkyl² and alkyl² are the same or different, and both are attached toN), alkyl-NH₂, alkyl-NH-alkyl, alkyl-N-alkyl¹alkyl², and the like;

aminoalkyl, meaning alkyl-amine, such as aminomethyl (—CH₂-amine),aminoethyl, and the like;

ester substituents, including —CO₂-alkyl, —CO₂-phenyl, etc.;

other carbonyl substituents, including aldehydes; ketones, such as acyl

and the like; in particular, acetyl, propionyl, and benzoyl substituentsare contemplated;

phenyl or substituted phenyl;

fluorocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons such as —CF₃, CH₂CF₃, etc.; and

—CN;

combinations of the above are also possible, subject to the constraintsdefined;

Alternatively, a substituent may be —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I.

In particular, alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms is contemplated asa substituent.

Alternatively, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms is contemplated;

Substituents must be sufficiently stable to be stored in a bottle atroom temperature under a normal atmosphere for at least 12 hours, orstable enough to be useful for any purpose disclosed herein.

If a substituent is a salt, for example of a carboxylic acid or anamine, the counter-ion of said salt, i.e. the ion that is not covalentlybonded to the remainder of the molecule is not counted for the purposesof the number of heavy atoms in a substituent. Thus, for example, thesalt —CO₂ ⁻Na⁺ is a stable substituent consisting of 1 carbon atom and 2oxygen atoms, i.e. sodium is not counted. In another example, the salt—NH(Me)₂ ⁺Cl⁻ is a stable substituent consisting of 1 nitrogen atom,three carbon atoms, and 7 hydrogen atoms, i.e. chlorine is not counted.

In one embodiment, B is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl orpyridinyl.

In one embodiment the substituents of B are Cl, F, CH₃, CH₂OH, or OH.

Another embodiment is a compound having a formula

wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond;Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; orY is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup;A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—;U¹ and U² are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN;andB is aryl or heteroaryl,provided that if U¹ is ═O, U² is not —OH or —H.

Another embodiment is a compound having a formula

wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond;Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; orY is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup;A is —(CH₂)₆—, cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃—, or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—;U¹ is —H, —OH, —F, —Cl, or —CN;U² is —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, or —CN; andB is aryl or heteroaryl.

Another embodiment is a compound having a formula

wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond;Y is an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; orY is hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof, or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup;U¹ and U² are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN;andB is aryl or heteroaryl.

In another embodiment U¹ is ═O.

In another embodiment U¹ is —H.

In another embodiment U¹ is —OH.

In another embodiment U¹ is —F.

In another embodiment U¹ is —Cl.

In another embodiment U¹ is —CN.

In another embodiment U² is ═O.

In another embodiment U² is —H.

In another embodiment U² is —OH.

In another embodiment U² is —F.

In another embodiment U² is —Cl.

In another embodiment U² is —CN.

Another embodiment is a compound having a formula

In another embodiment, B is substituted with substituents selected fromF, Cl, C₁₋₃ alkyl, and hydroxyalkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

In another embodiment, B is selected from

Another embodiment is a compound selected from:

Some hypothetical examples of useful compounds are shown below.

Synthetic Methods

Example 15-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dichlorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)prop-1-enyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (8) Step 1. Mesylation of 1 to Give 2

Triethylamine (4.2 mL, 30.0 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.9 mL,24.1 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 1 (see U.S. Prov.Pat. App. No. 60/805,285, 10.1 g, 19.9 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) at 0° C.The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirredat room temperature for 3 h. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (4.00 mL) wasadded and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×400 mL). The combinedorganic extracts were washed with water (200 mL) and brine (200 mL),then dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 11.5 g(˜98%) of the desired mesylate 2, which was used without furtherpurification.

Step 2. Conversion of Mesylate 2 to Chloride 3 and Alcohol 4

Tetrabutylammonium chloride (26.5 g, 95.4 mmol) was added to a solutionof 2 (11.5 g, 19.5 mmol) in toluene (200 mL). The reaction mixture washeated at 45° C. for 18 h. TLC analysis indicated that much of thestarting mesylate remained, so the reaction mixture was heated at 50° C.for 4 h. The cooled mixture was partitioned between water (200 mL) andEtOAc (500 mL). The phases were separated and the organic phase waswashed with water (4×200 mL). The combined aqueous phase wasback-extracted with EtOAc (350 mL). The combined organic phase was dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by chromatography on 120 g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient)afforded 2.6 g (25%) of chloride 3 and 1.8 g (22%) of alcohol 4.

Step 3. Desilylation of 3 to Give Alcohol 4

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (14.7 mL of a 1.0 M THF solution, 14.7 mmol)was added to a solution of 3 (2.6 g, 4.91 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at roomtemperature. After 18 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (50 mL). The phases wereseparated and the organic phase was washed with water (3×50 mL). Thecombined aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). Thecombined organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 40 gsilica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 1.23 g (60%) of alcohol 4.

Step 4. Oxidation of 4 to Give 5

DMSO (1.5 mL, 21.1 mmol) was added to a solution of oxalyl chloride (4.4mL of a 2.0 M solution in CH₂Cl₂, 8.8 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) at −78° C.After 30 min, a solution of alcohol 4 (3.03 g, 7.30 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (42mL) was added slowly via syringe. After 15 min at −78° C., triethylamine(9.0 mL, 64.6 mmol) was added. After 1.5 h at −78° C., the reaction wasallowed to warm to room temperature. After 2 h at room temperature thereaction mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phasewas extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×200 mL). The combined extracts were dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford ˜3.0 g of crudealdehyde 5, which was used without further purification.

Step 5. Wittig Reaction of 5 to Afford Diene 6

Potassium carbonate (99.99%, 5.0 g, 36.2 mmol) and3,5-dichlorophenylmethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (see Cullen, etal., U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,725, 6.7 g, 14.6 mmol) were added to a solutionof aldehyde 5 (crude from previous step, ˜3.0 g, ˜7.3 mmol) in DMF (73mL) at room temperature. After 18 h the reaction mixture was partitionedbetween water (100 mL) and EtOAc (300 mL). The phases were separated andthe organic phase was washed with water (9×100 mL). The combined aqueousphase was back-extracted with EtOAc (300 mL). The combined organic phasewas dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification ofthe crude residue by chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂) afforded 3.0g (74%) of diene 6.

Step 6. Deprotection of 6 to Give 7

Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTs, 550 mg, 2.19 mmol) was added to asolution of 6 (3.0 g, 5.40 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) at roomtemperature under nitrogen. The solution was heated at 40° C. for 18 h,then cooled and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residueby chromatography on 12 g silica gel (CH₂Cl₂) afforded 1.7 g (67%) ofalcohol 7 as a mixture of olefin isomers.

Step 7. Saponification of 7 to Give 8

Lithium hydroxide (0.89 mL of a 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.89 mmol) wasadded to a solution of ester 7 (84 mg, 0.18 mmol) in THF (0.89 mL). Thesolution was heated at 40° C. for 18 h, then cooled to room temperature.The mixture was partitioned between 1.0 M aqueous HCl (5 mL) and EtOAc(5 mL). The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed withwater (5 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 4 g silica gel(CH₂Cl₂→10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂, gradient) afforded 48 mg (59%) of the titlecompound as a mixture of olefin isomers.

Example 25-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15a) Step 1. Oxidation of 9 to Give 10

DMSO (32 μL 0.45 mmol) was added to a solution of oxalyl chloride (0.1mL of a 2.0 M solution in CH₂Cl₂, 0.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.3 mL) at −78°C. After 30 min, a solution of alcohol 9 (see U.S. Prov. Pat App. No.60/805,285, 70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.54 mL) was added via syringe.After 15 min at −78° C., triethylamine (187 μL 1.34 mmol) was added andthe reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 5 h at roomtemperature the reaction mixture was partitioned between saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The phases were separated andthe aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combinedorganic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo toafford 69 mg of crude aldehyde 10, which was used without furtherpurification.

Step 2. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11a

Potassium carbonate (99.99%, 232 mg, 1.68 mmol) was added to a solutionof aldehyde 10 (crude from previous step, 69 mg, ˜0.17 mmol) and3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride(Preparation 1, 150 mg, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (1.6 mL) at room temperature.After 18 h the reaction mixture was partitioned between water (30 mL)and EtOAc (50 mL). The phases were separated and the organic phase waswashed with water (3×30 mL) and brine (30 mL) then dried (MgSO₄),filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 4 g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 35 mg(38%) of alkene 11a (contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 12a).

Step 3. Deprotection of 11a to Give 13a

PPTs (16 mg, 0.006 mmol) was added to a solution of 11a (35 mg, 0.06mmol) in methanol (0.6 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen. Thesolution was heated at 40° C. for 18 h, then cooled and concentrated invacuo. Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 4 g silicagel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 28 mg (94%) of alcohol 13a(contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 14a).

Step 4. Saponification of 13a to Give 15a

Lithium hydroxide (0.04 mL of a 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.04 mmol) wasadded to a solution of ester 13a (5 mg, 0.011 mmol) in THF (0.05 mL).After 18 h, the mixture was partitioned between 1.0 M aqueous HCl (1 mL)and CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). The combined organic phase was dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by chromatography on 4 g silica gel (CH₂Cl₂→20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂,gradient) afforded 3 mg (62%) of the title compound (contaminated with˜5% cis-olefin 16a).

Example 35-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15b) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (190mg, 0.46 mmol) and ((5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride (Preparation 2, 100 mg, 0.24 mmol) were converted into 104 mg(84%) of alkene 11b (contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 12b).

Step 2. Deprotection of 11b to Give 13b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 11b(104 mg, 0.20 mmol) was converted into 40 mg (46%) of alkene 13b(contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 14b).

Step 3. Saponification of 13b to Give 15b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 13b (10 mg,0.023 mmol) was converted into 3 mg (31%) of the title compound(contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 16b).

Example 45-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-2-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15c) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11c and 12c

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (290mg, 0.70 mmol) and((2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride(Preparation 3, 325 mg, 0.71 mmol) were converted into 200 mg (51%) ofalkene 11c and 8 mg (2%) of alkene 12c and 108 mg (28%) of a mixture of11c and 12c.

Step 2. Deprotection of 11c/12c to Give 13c/14c

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, a mixture of 11cand 12c (229 mg, 0.41 mmol) was converted into 169 mg (87%) of alkene13c and 22 mg (11%) of alkene 14c.

Step 3. Saponification of 13c to Give 15c

Lithium hydroxide (0.23 mL of a 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.23 mmol) wasadded to a solution of ester 13c (14 mg, 0.029 mmol) in THF (0.46 mL).After 66 h, the mixture was concentrated under a stream of nitrogen,diluted with water (2 mL) and acidified with 1.0 M aqueous HCl (1 mL).The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organicphase was washed with brine (5 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 4 g silica gel (CH₂Cl₂→15% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂, gradient)afforded 4.5 mg (33%) of the title compound.

Example 55-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-2-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (16c)

In accordance with the procedure of example 4, step 3, ester 14c (22 mg,0.046 mmol) was converted into 3.5 mg (16%) of the title compound,employing a reaction time of 18 h.

Example 65-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-3,5-difluorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicadd (15d) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11d and 12d

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and ((3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride (Preparation 4, 422 mg, 0.90 mmol) were converted into 200 mg(63%) of an inseparable mixture of alkenes 11d and alkene 12d.

Step 2. Deprotection of 11d/12d to Give 13d/14d

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, a mixture of 11dand 12d (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) was converted into 120 mg (71%) of alkene13d and 20 mg (12%) of alkene 14d.

Step 3. Saponification of 13d to Give 15d

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 13d (20 mg,0.045 mmol) was converted into 5 mg (26%) of the title compound.

Example 75-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-3,5-difluorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (16d)

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 14d (20 mg,0.045 mmol) was converted into 3.9 mg (20%) of the title compound.

Example 85-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dimethylstyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15e) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11e

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and ((3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride (Preparation 5, 375 mg, 0.90 mmol) were converted into 250 mg(80%) of alkene 11e (contaminated with ˜10% cis-olefin 12e).

Step 2. Deprotection of 11e to Give 13e

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, 11e (250 mg, 0.48mmol) was converted into 195 mg (93%) of alkene 13e (contaminated with˜10% cis-olefin 14e).

Step 3. Saponification of 13e to Give 15e

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 13e (10 mg,0.023 mmol) was converted into 3 mg (31%) of the title compound(contaminated with ˜10% cis-olefin 16e).

Preparation 1 (3-Chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride Step 1. Methyl 3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate

Sodium borohydride (1.1 g, 29.1 mmol) was added to a solution ofdimethyl 5-chloroisophthalate (2.0 g, 8.7 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) andCH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 35° C. for 18 h thencooled to room temperature. The mixture was treated with water (50 mL)and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×200 mL). The combined organic phase wasdried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford crude methyl3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate that was used without furtherpurification.

Step 2. Methyl 3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorobenzoate

Imidazole (3.6 g, 52.9 mmol) and TBSCl (4.0 g, 26.5 mmol) were added toa solution of crude methyl 3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (˜8.7mmol) in DMF (100 mL). After 18 h the reaction mixture was partitionedbetween water (100 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL). The phases were separated andthe organic phase was washed with water (4×100 mL) and brine (100 mL)then dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford crudemethyl 3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorobenzoate that wasused without further purification.

Step 3. (3-((tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)methanol

Sodium borohydride (1.1 g, 29.1 mmol) was added to a solution of crudemethyl 3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorobenzoate (˜8.7mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). After 18 h at roomtemperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Citric add(5% aqueous, 50 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂(50 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50mL), then dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 12 g silica gel(hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 920 mg (37% over three steps) of(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)methanol.

Step 4. tert-Butyl-(3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)benzyloxy)dimethylsilane

Triethylamine (0.78 mL, 5.6 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.31 mL,4.0 mmol) were added to a solution of(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (460 mg,1.6 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.6 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was allowed towarm to room temperature. After 18 h at room temperature, the reactionwas treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL) and extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 4 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 100mg (20%) oftert-butyl-(3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)benzyloxy)dimethylsilane.

Step 5. 3-Chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride

Triphenylphosphine (128 mg, 0.49 mmol) was added to a solution oftert-butyl-(3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)benzyloxy)dimethylsilane (100 mg,0.33 mmol) in toluene (0.6 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated to100° C. After 18 h the reaction was cooled to room temperature and thesolid material was isolated by filtration. After washing with excesstoluene and drying in vacuo, 150 mg (quant.) of the title compound wasisolated as a colorless solid.

Preparation 2 ((5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride Step 1. Methyl 5-chloronicotinate

Concentrated H₂SO₄ (105 μL, 1.26 mmol) was added to a solution of5-chloronicotinic acid (1.0 g, 6.35 mmol) in methanol (12.7 mL) and themixture was heated at reflux. After 18 h, the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature then partitioned between water (200 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL)and carefully neutralized with solid K₂CO₃. The phases were separatedand the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The combinedorganic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo toafford 1.2 g of crude methyl 5-chloronicotinate that was used withoutfurther purification.

Step 2. (5-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol

Sodium borohydride (790 mg, 20.9 mmol) was added to a solution of crudemethyl 5-chloronicotinate (˜6.35 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂(10 mL). After 18 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo. Water (50 mL) was added and the mixture wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄),filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 510mg (56% over two steps) of (5-chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol.

Step 3. 3-Chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine

Triethylamine (1.75 mL, 12.6 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.69mL, 8.9 mmol) were added to a solution of (5-chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol(510 mg, 3.6 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3.5 mL) at 0° C. and the reaction wasallowed to warm to room temperature. After 18 h at room temperature, thereaction was partitioned between water (50 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). Thephases were separated and the organic phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂(20 mL). The combined organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 12 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 300mg (52%) of 3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine.

Step 4. ((5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step5,3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine (300 mg, 1.85 mmol) was convertedinto 100 mg (13%) of the title compound.

Preparation 3 ((2,6-Dichloro-4-pyridinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step5,2,6-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)pyridine (1.0 g, 5.1 mmol) was convertedinto 2.0 g (86%) of the title compound.

Preparation 4 ((3,5-Difluorophenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step 5,1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-difluorobenzene (1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) was converted into1.8 g (79%) of the title compound.

Preparation 5 ((3,5-Dimethylphenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chlorideStep 1. 1-(Chloromethyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzene

Triethylamine (72 mL, 51.7 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (2.86 mL,36.8 mmol) were added to a solution of (3,5-dimethylphenyl)methanol (2.0g, 14.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was allowed towarm to room temperature. After 18 h at room temperature, the reactionwas treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100 mL) and extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (3×100 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (100mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification ofthe crude residue by chromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc,gradient) afforded 1.5 g (66%) of 1-(chloromethyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzene.

Step 2. ((3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step 5,1-(chloromethyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzene (1.5 g, 9.7 mmol) was convertedinto 600 mg (15%) of the title compound.

This procedure may be readily adapted by a person of ordinary to obtaina variety of other compounds. For example, U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/806,947, filed on Jul. 11, 2006, incorporated byreference herein, describes methods that may be adapted to preparecompounds with a variety of different moieties for A, U¹ and U².

Preparation 6 ((3-(But-3-enyl)phenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride Step 1. (3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methanol

LiAlH₄ (10.0 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 10.0 mmol) was added to a 0°C. solution of ethyl 3-(but-3-enyl)benzoate (commercially available fromReike Metals, Inc., 1.94 g, 9.5 mmol) in THF (35 mL). After 2 h at 0° C.the reaction was carefully quenched with water (50 mL). 10% aqueous NaOH(50 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL).The extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) then dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 1.7g (somewhat impure, quant crude) of (3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methanol.

Step 2. 1-(but-3-enyl)-3-(chloromethyl)benzene

Triethylamine (2.0 mL, 14.4 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.90 mL,11.6 mmol) were added to a solution of (3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methanol(˜9.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was allowed towarm to rt. After 18 h at rt, the reaction was treated with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 1.6g (93%) of 1-(but-3-enyl)-3-(chloromethyl)benzene.

Step 3. ((3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step 5,1-(but-3-enyl)-3-(chloromethyl)benzene (1.6 g, 8.9 mmol) was convertedinto 2.2 g (56%) of the title compound.

Example 95-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-(3-(but-3-enyl)styryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15f) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11f

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and ((3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride (Preparation 6, 450 mg, 1.02 mmol) were converted into 220 mg(67%) of alkene 11f (contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 12f).

Step 2. Deprotection of 11f to Give 13f

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 11f(220 mg, 0.41 mmol) was converted into 164 mg (88%) of alkene 13f(contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 14f).

Step 3. Saponification of 13f to Give 15f

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 13f (30 mg,0.065 mmol) was converted into 8.3 mg (29%) of the title compound (15f,contaminated with ˜5% cis-olefin 16f).

Preparation 7 (E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphoniumbromide Step 1. methyl3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzoate

Dihydropyran (1.5 mL, 16.4 mmol) and PPTs (290 mg, 1.15 mmol) were addedto a solution of methyl 3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (seepreparation 1, step 1, 1.30 g, 6.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixturewas heated at 40° C. After 18 h, the reaction mixture was cooled,concentrated in vacuo, and purified by chromatography on 40 g silica gel(hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) to afford 1.80 g, (98%) of methyl3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzoate.

Step 2. (3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)methanol

Sodium borohydride (834 mg, 22.0 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzoate (1.80 g, 6.3mmol) in methanol (20 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). After 3 d at rt, thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Water (100 mL) was added andthe mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×100 mL). The organic phase waswashed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 40 gsilica gel (hexanes EtOAc, gradient) afforded 790 mg (49%) of(3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)meth)phenyl)methanol.

Step 3. 3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzaldehyde

DMSO (0.70 mL, 9.06 mmol) was added to a solution of oxalyl chloride(2.0 mL of a 2.0 M solution in CH₂Cl₂, 4.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) at−78° C. After 1 h at −78° C., a solution of(3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)methanol (600mg, 2.33 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL) was added slowly via syringe. After 5min at −78° C., triethylamine (2.4 mL, 17.2 mmol) was added and thereaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 3 h the reactionmixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL) andCH₂Cl₂ (150 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×50 mL). The combined extracts were dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford of crude3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzaldehyde, which wasused without further purification.

Step 4. (E)-2-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran

Potassium t-butoxide (1.11 g, 9.89 mmol) was added to a solution ofethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.39 g, 6.44 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at0° C. To this red/orange mixture was added a solution of crude3-chloro-5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)benzaldehyde (˜2.33mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0° C. After 5 min, the reaction mixture waspartitioned between 0.1 N HCl (50 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The phaseswere separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×100mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by chromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient)afforded 400 mg (64%) of(E)-2-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran.

Step 5. (E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)phenyl)methanol

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3,(E)-2-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (470 mg,1.76 mmol) was converted into 240 mg (75%) of(E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)phenyl)methanol.

Step 6. (E)-1-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzene

Bromine (72 μL, 1.40 mmol) was added to a solution of triphenylphosphine(415 mg, 1.58 mmol) and imidazole (110 mg, 1.62 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL)at 0° C. After 15 min, a solution of(E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)phenyl)methanol (240 mg, 1.31 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (4.5 mL) was added. After 30 min at 0° C., the reaction mixturewas concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 40 g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 240mg (74%) of (E)-1-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzene.

Step 7. (E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step 5,(E)-1-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzene (240 mg, 0.98 mmol)was converted into 430 mg (87%) of the title compound.

Example 105-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-3-chloro-5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15g) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11g

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and(E)-(3-chloro-5-(prop-1-enyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide(Preparation 7, 430 mg, 0.85 mmol) were converted into 204 mg (60%) of amixture of alkenes 11g and 12g.

Step 2. Deprotection of 11g and 12g to Give 13g and 14g

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, THP-ethers 11gand 12g (204 mg, 0.36 mmol) were converted into 107 mg (62%) of alkene13g and 21 mg (12%) of alkene 14g.

Step 3. Saponification of 13g to Give 15g

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 13g (49 mg,0.10 mmol) was converted into 35 mg (74%) of the title compound (15g).

Example 115-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-3-chloro-5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (16g)

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 14g(Example 10, step 2, 21 mg, 0.044 mmol) was converted into 10 mg (49%)of the title compound (16g).

Example 125-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(3-methylstyryl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15h and 16h) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11h

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and (3-methylbenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (483mg, 1.20 mmol) were converted into 210 mg (69%) of alkene 11h(contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 12h).

Step 2. Deprotection of 11h to Give 13h

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, impure THP-ether11 h (207 mg, 0.41 mmol) was converted into 166 mg (96%) of alkene 13h(contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 14h).

Step 3. Saponification of 13h to Give 15h

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, impure ester 13h(45 mg, 0.11 mmol) was converted into 5 mg (11%) of the title compound(15h, contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 16h).

Preparation 8 ((2-Propylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium bromideStep 1. Methyl 2-propylisonicotinate [In accordance with the proceduresof Furstner, et al Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 609-612]

At 0° C., n-propylmagnesium chloride (16.0 mL of a 2.0 N solution inTHF, 32.0 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2-chloroisonicotinate(4.77 g, 27.8 mmol), Fe(acac)₃ (610 mg, 1.73 mmol), THF (150 mL) and NMP(17 mL) at 0° C. After 1 h, the reaction was diluted with MTBE (200 mL)and slowly quenched with 1.0 N HCl (20 mL). The mixture was diluted withwater (50 mL) and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase wasextracted with MTBE (2×200 mL). The combined organic phase was dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by flash column chromatography on 200 g silica gel (20%hexanes/EtOAc) afforded 2.3 g (46%) of methyl 2-propylisonicotinate.

Step 2. (2-propylpyridin-4-yl)methanol

In accordance with the procedures of preparation 6, step 1, methyl2-propylisonicotinate (2.15 g, 12.0 mmol) was converted into 1.2 g (66%)of (2-propylpyridin-4-yl)methanol.

Step 3. 4-(bromomethyl)-2-propylpyridine

In accordance with the procedures of preparation 7, step 6,(2-propylpyridin-4-yl)methanol (700 mg, 4.63 mmol) was converted into600 mg (61%) of 4-(bromomethyl)-2-propylpyridine.

Step 4. ((2-Propylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide

In accordance with the procedure of preparation 1, step 5,4-(bromomethyl)-2-propylpyridine (350 mg, 1.64 mmol) was converted into710 mg (91%) of the title compound.

Example 135-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-((E)-2-(2-propylpyridin-4-yl)vinyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (15i) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 10 to Afford 11i

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 10 (250mg, 0.60 mmol) and ((2-propylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumbromide (430 mg, 0.90 mmol) were converted into 250 mg (78%) of a alkene11i (contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 12i).

Step 2. Deprotection of 11i to Give 13i

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, impure THP-ether11i (250 mg, 0.47 mmol) was converted into 201 mg (95%) of alkene 13i(contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 14i).

Step 3. Saponification of 13i to Give 15i

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, impure ester 13i(20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was converted into 8 mg (41%) of the title compound(15i, contaminated with ˜10% of cis-alkene 16i).

Preparation 9 ethyl2-(2-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)cyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylate(24) Step 1. Reduction of Lactone 17 to Diol 18

LiAlH₄ (13.5 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 13.5 mmol) was slowly addedto a solution of lactone 17 (5.0 g, 13.5 mmol) in THF (45 mL) at 0° C.under nitrogen (vigorous gas evolution was observed). After 3 h at 0°C., tlc analysis showed the reaction was complete and water (50 mL) wasadded slowly. Upon warming to rt, CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL) was added, followed by15% aqueous NaOH (100 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueousphase was extracted CH₂Cl₂ (3×100 mL). The combined organic phase waswashed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The resulting crude diol 18 (˜5g) was used in the next reaction with outfurther purification.

Step 2. Mesylation of Diol 18 to Afford Di-Mesylate 19

Triethylamine (4.4 mL, 31.6 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.8 mL,23.2 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 18 (3.57 g, 9.53mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was allowed towarm to rt and stirred at rt for 3 d (note: this reaction time can be asshort as 1d). Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100 mL) was added and themixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL). The organic phase was washedwith brine (50 mL) then dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. Purification of the crude residue by flash column chromatographyon 80g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 4.44 g (88%) ofdi-mesylate 19.

Step 3. Conversion of Mesylate 19 to Thioacetate 20

Potassium thioacetate (1.51 g, 13.2 mmol) was added to a solution ofdi-mesylate 19 (4.44 g, 8.37 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) at rt. After stirring18 h at rt, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (400 mL) and water(50 mL). The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed withwater (10×100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.Purification of the crude residue by traditional flash columnchromatography on silica gel (30% EtOAc/hexanes) afforded 2.93 g (69%)of thioacetate 20.

Step 4. Reaction of 20 with 21 to Give Thiazole 22

Tri-n-butylphosphine (0.25 mL, 1.0 mmol) was added to a solution ofthioacetate 20 (2.42 g, 4.74 mmol) in absolute EtOH (20 mL). After 5 minat rt under nitrogen, ethyl 2-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate (21,commercially available from CombiBlocks, Inc., 1.30 g, 5.51 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (1.09 g, 7.89 mmol) were added in rapid succession.A nitrogen atmosphere was re-established and mixture was heated at 40°C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to rt and then partitioned betweenEtOAc (700 mL) and water (200 mL). The phases were separated and theorganic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue by flashcolumn chromatography on 80g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient)afforded 1.10 g (37%) of thiazole 22.

Step 5. Conversion of Mesylate 22 to Chloride 23

Triethylamine (2.5 mL, 17.9 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (2.5g, 9.0 mmol) were added to a solution of 22 (1.10 g, 1.76 mmol) intoluene (20 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 40° C. for 18 h. TLCanalysis of the cooled mixture showed the reaction to be incomplete.More triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.6 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium chloride(1.2 g, 4.3 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 40° C. for 18h. The cooled mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted withEtOAc (300 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by flash column chromatography on 40g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc,gradient) afforded 720 mg (72%) of chloride 23.

Step 6. Desilylation of 23 to Give Alcohol 24

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.8 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 1.8mmol) was added to a solution of 23 (720 mg, 1.28 mmol) in THF (7 mL) atrt. After 1 h at rt, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc(200 mL) and H₂O (100 mL). The phases were separated and the organicphase was washed with brine (2×50 mL) then dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue by flash columnchromatography on 12g silica gel (hexane→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 510mg (89%) of the title compound (24).

Example 142-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dichlorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (30a) Step 1. Swern Oxidation of 24 to Give 25

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 1, alcohol 24(Preparation 9, 150 mg, 0.34 mmol) was converted into crude aldehyde 25which was used without further purification in the next step.

Step 2. Wittig Reaction of 25 to Afford 26a and 27a

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 24(˜0.17 mmol) and 3,5-dichlorophenylmethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride(210 mg, 0.46 mmol) were converted into 91 mg (33%) of an inseparablemixture of alkenes 26a and 27a.

Step 3. Deprotection of 26a and 27a to Give 28a and 29a

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, THP-ethers 26aand 27a (91 mg, 0.15 mmol) were converted into 40 mg (51%) of alkene 28aand 21 mg (27%) of alkene 29a.

Step 4. Saponification of 28a to Give 30a

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 28a (10 mg,0.020 mmol) was converted into 2 mg (21%) of the title compound (30a).

Example 152-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-((E)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-chlorostyryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (30b) Step 1. Wittig Reaction of 25 to Afford 26b and 27b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 2, aldehyde 25 (141mg, 0.31 mmol) and 3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)methyl)triphenylphosphoniumchloride (Preparation 6, 317 mg, 0.72 mmol) were converted into 105 mg(58%) of a mixture of alkenes 26b and 27b.

Step 2. Deprotection of 26b and 27b to Give 28b and 29b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 3, THP-ethers 26band 27b (105 mg, 0.18 mmol) was converted into 67 mg (75%) of alkene 28band 12 mg (13%) of alkene 29b.

Step 3. Saponification of 28b to Give 30b

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 28b (67 mg,0.14 mmol) was converted into 30 mg (47%) of the title compound (30b).

Example 162-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-(Z)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-chlorostyryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (31b)

In accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 4, ester 29b (12 mg,0.24 mmol) was converted into 5 mg (44%) of the title compound (31b).

Example 175-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (38) Step 1. Conjugate Addition and Silylation to Afford 33

Trimethylaluminum (4.1 mL of a 2.0 M solution in toluene, 8.2 mmol) wasadded to a flask containing THF (20 mL), and the flask was cooled to−78° C. Lithium phenylacetylide (8.2 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 8.2mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 min at −78° C.Another flask was charged with enone 32 (see WO2007/115020 which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) in THF (20 mL), cooledto −78° C., and TESOTf (1.80 g, 6.81 mmol) was added (it is important tocool the enone to −78° C. prior to TESOTf addition). After havingstirred for 30 min at −78° C., the contents of the aluminum containingflask were transferred via cannula to the second flask (containing theenone) at −78° C., and the reaction was allowed to stir for 30 min. Thereaction was warmed to approximately −10° C. and saturated aqueousRochelle's Salt (200 mL) was added (5 min after quenching, the reactioneffervesced; the final flask must be large enough to allow for thisaction). Robust stirring of the contents continued for several hours andthe contents were transferred to a separatory funnel and were washedonce with Et₂O and CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄)and combiflash chromatography provided 1.20 g of pure product, and 784mg of product contaminated with 5% ketone (˜75%).

Step 2. Deprotection of 33 to Give 34 and 35

Silyl enol ether 33 (260 mg, 0.43 mmol) and MeCN (10 mL) were added to aplastic bottle and cooled to 0° C. HF.pyridine (0.05 mL) was added andthe reaction was stirred for 2 h at 0° C. The reaction was then quenchedslowly with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and the mixture was extracted oncewith EtOAc and once with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried(Na₂SO₄), concentrated and Combiflash chromatography gave 75 mg (35%) ofketone 34 followed by followed by 28.7 mg (14%) of the slower movingisomer ketone 35.

Step 3. Deprotection of 34 to Give 36

Silyl ether 34 (75 mg, 0.15 mmol) and MeCN (3 mL) were added to aplastic vial and cooled to 0° C. HF.pyridine (0.05 mL) was added and thereaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight withstirring. The reaction was then quenched slowly with saturated aqueousNaHCO₃, and the mixture was extracted once with EtOAc and once withCH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated andCombiflash chromatography gave 45.6 mg (79%) of ketone 36.

Step 4. Saponification of 36 to Give 38

Ester 36 (10 mg, 0.026 mmol), DMSO (0.5 mL), and pH 7.2 phosphate buffer(50 mL) were added to a 100 mL round bottomed flask followed by theaddition of rabbit liver esterase (RLE, commercially available fromSigma, 500 units). After having stirred for 12 h at room temperature,the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by flash column chromatography (50% EtOAc/hexanes→1% AcOH inEtOAc) afforded 7.3 mg (76%) of the title compound (38).

Example 185-(3-((1S,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (39) Step 1. Deprotection of 35 to Give 37

In accordance with the procedure of example 17, step 3, silyl ether 35(28.7 mg, 0.058 mmol) was converted to 17.1 mg (77%) of ketone 37.

Step 4. Saponification of 37 to Give 39

In accordance with the procedure of example 17, step 4, ester 37 (17.1mg, 0.045 mmol) was converted to 14.4 mg (87%) of the title compound(39).

Example 195-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (43) Step 1. Reduction of 34 to Give 40

L-Selectride (1.14 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 1.14 mmol) was addedto a solution of ketone 34 (170 mg, 0.34 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at −78° C.After 1 h, 3% H₂O₂ (25 mL) was added and the reaction was warmed to roomtemperature. After 0.5 h of stirring at room temperature, saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×).The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated. Purification of the crude residue by flash columnchromatography afforded 150 mg (88%) of the desired alcohol 40.

Step 2. Conversion of Alcohol 40 to Fluoride 41

(Diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (DAST, 17 μL, 0.13 mmol) was added to asolution of alcohol 40 (30 mg, 0.060 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) at −78° C.After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was diluted with water, extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (3×) and hexanes (1×). The combined organic phase was washedwith brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. Purification of the cruderesidue by combiflash chromatography afforded 23 mg (76%) of fluoride41.

Step 3. Deprotection of 41 to Give 42

HF.pyridine (0.15 mL) was added to a solution of 41 (23 mg, 0.046 mmol)in MeCN (2 mL) in a plastic vial. After stirring 16 h, the mixture wasquenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc.

The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue by combiflashchromatography afforded 16 mg (90%) of alcohol 42.

Step 4. Saponification of 42 to Give 43

Lithium hydroxide (6.5 mg, 0155 mmol) was added to a solution of ester11 (8 mg, 0.021 mmol) in a 1:0.5 THF/water solution (1.5 mL). Afterhaving stirred 72 h, purification of the residue by flash columnchromatography provided 8 mg (quant.) of the title compound (43).

Example 205-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (47) Step 1. Mesylation of 40 to Give 44

Methanesulfonyl chloride (37 μL, 0.48 mmol) was added to a solution ofalcohol 40 (120 mg, 0.24 mmol) and triethylamine (0.10 mL, 0.72 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (3 mL). After stirring 1 hour at room temperature, the mixturewas quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic phase wasseparated and washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated. Purification of the crude residue by flash columnchromatography provided 110 mg (79%) of mesylate 44.

Step 2. Conversion of Mesylate 44 to Chloride 45

TBAC (245 mg, 0.88 mmol) was added to a solution of mesylate 44 (50 mg,0.087 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) and the mixture was then stirred at 45° C.for 6 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and water wasadded. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic phasewas washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated.Purification of the crude residue by combiflash chromatography provided45 mg (quant.) of chloride 45.

Step 3. Deprotection of 45 to Give 46

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 3, silyl ether 45(45 mg, 0.087 mmol) was converted to 31 mg (89%) of alcohol 46.

Step 4. Saponification of 46 to Give 47

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 4, ester 46 (31 mg,0.077 mmol) was converted to 15.8 mg (53%) of the title compound (47).

Example 21 Isopropyl5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate(48)

2-Iodopropane (passed through a short column of activated basic,Brockman I, standard grade, 150 mesh Alumina just prior to use, 43 mg,0.26 mmol) was added to a mixture of acid 47 (5 mg, 0.013 mmol) and DBU(7.8 mg, 0.051 mmol) in acetone (0.4 mL). After stirring for 16 h, themixture was concentrated, extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase waswashed with 1% aqueous HCl, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, brine, then dried(Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by combiflash chromatography afforded 2.9 mg (52%) of the titlecompound (48).

Example 225-(3-((1S,2S,3R,5R)-5-cyano-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (51) Step 1. Conversion of Mesylate 44 into Nitrile 49

Potassium cyanide (68 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added to a solution of mesylate44 (60 mg, 0.104 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL), and the mixture was then heatedat to 65° C. for 24 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature,diluted with water/brine, and extracted with CHCl₃ (4×) & EtOAc. Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bycombiflash chromatography provided 13 mg (25%) of nitrile 49.

Step 2. Deprotection of 49 to Give 50

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 3, silyl ether 49(13 mg, 0.026 mmol) was converted to 7.3 mg (72%) of alcohol 50.

Step 3. Saponification of 50 to Give 51

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 4, ester 50 (7.3mg, 0.019 mmol) was converted to 5 mg (71%) of the title compound (51).

Example 235-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicadd (faster eluting HPLC diastereomer 58) Step 1. Conversion of 34 into52

Trifluoromethyl trimethylsilane (Fluka, 8 mL of a 2.0 M solution in THF,16 mmol) was added to a solution of ketone 34 (300 mg, 0.60 mmol) in THF(17 mL) at room temperature, followed by the addition of 4 drops oftetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF, 1.0 M in THF); the reaction turnedlight yellow. After 45 min, the reaction was quenched slowly withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated. The crude silane 52 was dried under high vacuum for 12hours prior to the following reaction.

Step 2. Desilylation of 52 to Give 53

Solid K₂CO₃ (248 mg, 1.79 mmol) was added to crude silane 52 in MeOH (40mL) and the mixture was stirred for 4 h. The reaction was then dilutedwith saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, and extracted with EtOAc, The organicphase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated.Purification of the crude residue by combiflash chromatography afforded170 mg (50% over two steps) of alcohol 53.

Step 3. Conversion of Alcohol 53 into Ester 54

Methyl oxalyl chloride (183 mg, 1.49 mmol) was added slowly to a mixtureof alcohol 53 (170 mg, 0.30 mmol), pyridine (0.73 mL, 9.0 mmol),4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (220 mg, 1.80 mmol), and CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL).After stirring 1.5 h, the mixture was quenched with water, diluted withEtOAc/hexanes (4:1; 20 mL), and partitioned. The organic phase waswashed again with water (20 mL), then dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue by combiflashchromatography afforded 162 mg (83%) of ester 54.

Step 4. Conversion of Ester 54 into 55

A mixture of oxalyl ester 54 (162 mg, 025 mmol), AlBN (40 mg) andtoluene (2 mL) was bubbled with nitrogen gas for 20 min. Separately, asolution of Bu₃SnH (727 mg, 2.50 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was bubbledwith nitrogen gas for 20 min, and then brought to 120° C. The AlBNcontaining mixture was quickly added dropwise. After 20 min, TLCindicated no starting material and the reaction was concentrated toafford 129 mg (˜94%) of crude 55.

Step 5. Deprotection of 55 to Give 56 and 57

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 3, crude silylether 55 (129 mg, ˜0.234 mmol) was converted to 4 mg (4%) of fastereluting alcohol 56 and 10.4 mg (10%) of slower eluting alcohol 57 afterHPLC separation (EtOAc/hex; 1:3).

Step 6. Saponification of 56 to Give 58

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 4, ester 56 (4 mg,0.009 mmol) was converted to 2.2 mg (57%) of the title compound (58).

Example 245-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (slower eluting HPLC diastereomer 59)

In accordance with the procedure of example 19, step 4, ester 57 (10.4mg, 0.024 mmol) was converted to 5 mg (50%) of the title compound (59).

Example 255-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63a) Step 1. Reaction of 10 to Give 60 (in Accordance with theProcedures of Roth, et al., Synthesis 2004, 59-62)

To a mixture of tosyl azide (240 mg, 1.22 mmol) and potassium carbonate(415 mg, 3.0 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) was addeddimethyl-2-oxopropylphosphonate (166 μL, 1.20 mmol). After 2 h ofstirring at room temperature, a solution of crude aldehyde 10 (preparedin accordance with the procedure of example 2, step 1, ˜1.0 mmol) inMeOH (3 mL) was added by cannula. The mixture was allowed to stirovernight at room temperature then was concentrated in vacuo. Water (10mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). Theorganic phase was washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), thendried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of thecrude residue by chromatography on 40g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc,gradient) afforded 203 mg (49%, slightly contaminated with tosyl amide)of alkyne 60.

Step 2. Arylation of 60 to Give 61a (in Accordance with the Proceduresof Gelman and Buchwald, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 5993-5996)

Cesium carbonate (80 mg, 0.25 mmol), bis(acetonitrile)palladium (II)chloride (1.6 mg, 0.006 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos, 8.8 mg,0.018 mmol) and 1-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene (27.5 mg, 0.12 mmol) werecombined in a 1 dram vial. The mixture was purged with nitrogen, stirredat room temperature for 25 min, then a solution of alkyne 60 (50 mg,0.12 mmol) in MeCN (0.25 mL) was added. After 3 h at room temperature,tlc analysis showed very little reaction had occurred so the vial wassealed under nitrogen and heated at 50° C. After 18 h, the mixture wascooled, diluted with EtOAc and filtered through celite. The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue bychromatography on 12g silica gel (hexanes→EtOAc, gradient) afforded 34.5mg (51%) of 61a.

Step 3. Deprotection of 61a to Give 62a

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61a(34 mg, 0.061 mmol) was converted into 25 mg (87%) of alcohol 62a.

Step 4. Saponification of 62a to Give 63a

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62a (25mg, 0.053 mmol) was converted into 16.5 mg (68%) of the title compound(63a).

Example 265-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((3-ethylphenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63b) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61b

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (50 mg, 0.12mmol) and 1-bromo-3-ethylbenzene (26 mg, 0.14 mmol) were converted into41 mg (65%) of 61b after heating at 70° C. for 4 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61b to Give 62b

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61b(41 mg, 0.080 mmol) was converted into 30 mg (87%) of alcohol 62b.

Step 3. Saponification of 62b to Give 63b

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62b (30mg, 0.070 mmol) was converted into 27 mg (93%) of the title compound(63b) after heating at 40° C. for 18 h.

Example 275-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-2-((3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)ethynyl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63c) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61c

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (36 mg,0.088 mmol) and 1-bromo-3-(but-3-enyl)benzene (18.5 mg, 0.088 mmol) wereconverted into 42 mg (89%) of 61c after heating at 50° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61c to Give 62c

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61c(42 mg, 0.078 mmol) was converted into 24 mg (68%) of alcohol 62c.

Step 3. Saponification of 62c to Give 63c

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62c (24mg, 0.070 mmol) was converted into 16 mg (69%) of the title compound(63c) after heating at 40° C. for 18 h.

Example 285-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicadd (63d) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61d

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (65 mg, 0.16mmol) and 2-chlorothiophene (15 μL, 0.16 mmol) were converted into 15 mg(19%) of 61d after heating at 50° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61d to Give 62d

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61d(15 mg, 0.030 mmol) was converted into 10 mg (80%) of alcohol 62d.

Step 3. Saponification of 62d to Give 63d

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62d (5 mg,0.012 mmol) was converted into 2 mg (41%) of the title compound (63d)after heating at 40° C. for 18 h and purification by preparative thinlayer chromatography eluting with 20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 295-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-3-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicadd (63e) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61e

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (65 mg, 0.16mmol) and 3-chlorothiophene (15 μL, 0.16 mmol) were converted into 25 mg(32%) of 61e after heating at 50° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61e to Give 62e

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61e(25 mg, 0.051 mmol) was converted into 20 mg (96%) of alcohol 62e.

Step 3. Saponification of 62e to Give 63e

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62e (10mg, 0.024 mmol) was converted into 1 mg (10%) of the title compound(63e) after heating at 40° C. for 18 h and purification by preparativethin layer chromatography eluting with 20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 305-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63f) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61f

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (107 mg,0.26 mmol) and 2-bromopyridine (50 μL, 0.52 mmol) were converted into 74mg (58%) of 61f after heating at 60° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61f to Give 62f

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61f(74 mg, 0.15 mmol) was converted into 22 mg (36%) of alcohol 62f.

Step 3. Saponification of 62f to Give 63f

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62f (10mg, 0.025 mmol) was converted into 5 mg (52%) of the title compound(63f) after purification by preparative thin layer chromatographyeluting with 30% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 315-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63 g) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61g

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (150 mg,0.37 mmol) and 3-bromopyridine (116 mg, 0.73 mmol) were converted into93 mg (52%) of 619 after heating at 65° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61g to Give 62g

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 619(93 mg, 0.19 mmol) was converted into 34 mg (44%) of alcohol 62g after asecond equivalent portion of PPTs was added after 18 h and heating at45° C. for an additional 24 h was conducted.

Step 3. Saponification of 62g to Give 63g

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 62g (11mg, 0.027 mmol) was converted into 7 mg (66%) of the title compound(63g) after purification by preparative thin layer chromatographyeluting with 30% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 325-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63h) Step 1. Arylation of 60 to Give 61h

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 60 (134 mg,0.33 mmol) and 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (111 mg, 0.57 mmol) wereconverted into 107 mg (67%) of 61h after heating at 65° C. for 18 h andusing 3.5 equivalents of Cs₂CO₃.

Step 2. Deprotection of 61h to Give 62h

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 61h(107 mg, 0.22 mmol) was converted into 109 mg of impure crude alcohol62h after a second equivalent portion of PPTs was added after 18 h andheating at 50° C. for an additional 24 h was conducted.

Step 3. Saponification of 62h to Give 63h

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, impure ester 62h(15 mg, ˜0.037 mmol) was converted into 8 mg (˜55%) of the titlecompound (63h) after purification by preparative thin layerchromatography eluting with 20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Preparation 10 (3-(3-bromophenyl)propoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilaneStep 1. 3-(3-bromophenyl)propan-1-ol

A solution of 1-allyl-3-bromobenzene (998 mg, 5.1 mmol) in THF (2 mL+0.5mL) was added to a solution of 9-BBN dimer (806 mg, 3.3 mol) in THF (6.6mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then 3.0 MNaOH (2 mL) and 30% H₂O₂ (2 mL) were added while cooling the reactionmixture in an ice bath to control the exotherm. The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 4 h and then partitioned between brine (20 mL)and EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic phase was dried(Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the cruderesidue by chromatography on 80g silica gel (hexanes 60% EtOAc/hexanes,gradient) afforded 637 mg (58%) of 3-(3-bromophenyl)propan-1-ol.

Step 2. (3-(3-bromophenyl)propoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane

t-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride (3.26 g, 21.7 mmol) was added to asolution of 3-(3-bromophenyl)propan-1-ol (3.15 g, 14.7 mmol),triethylamine (4.1 mL, 29.4 mmol) and DMAP (364 mg, 3.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂(30 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 18 h, the reaction wasquenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100 mL) and the mixture wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine(100 mL) and then was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. Purification of the crude residue by chromatography on 120gsilica gel (10% EtOAc/hexanes→35% EtOAc/hexanes, gradient) afforded 4.36g (90%) of the title compound.

Example 335-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-((3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)ethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (63i) Step 1. Deprotection of 60 to Give 64

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 60(121 mg, 0.29 mmol) was converted into 62 mg (65%) of alcohol 64 afterpurification on 40g silica gel (hexane→50% EtOAc/hexanes, gradient).

Step 2. Arylation of 64 to Give 62i

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 64 (292 mg,0.89 mmol) and (3-(3-bromophenyl)propoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane(preparation 10, 286 mg, 0.87 mmol) were converted into 321 mg (64%) of62i after purification on 40g silica gel (hexane→45% EtOAc/hexanes,gradient).

Step 3. Deprotection and Saponification of 62i to Give 63i

TBAF (0.10 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 0.10 mmol) was added to asolution of 62i (13 mg, 0.023 mmol) in THF (0.10 mL). After stirring 21h at room temperature, the reaction was partitioned between saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated andthe aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organicphase was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crudematerial was then treated in accordance with the procedures of example4, step 3, to afford 5 mg (49%) of the title compound (63i) afterheating at 60° C. for 18 h and after purification by chromatography thinlayer chromatography eluting with 7.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 342-(2-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (68a) Step 1. Reaction of 25 to Give 65

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 1, crude aldehyde25 (prepared in accordance with the procedure of examples 2 and 14, step1, ˜5.85 mmol) was converted to 600 mg (23%) of alkyne 65.

Step 2. Arylation of 65 to Give 66a

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 65 (100 mg,0.23 mmol) and 1-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene (102 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereconverted into 21 mg (16%) of 66a after heating at 60° C. for 18 h.

Step 3. Deprotection of 66a to Give 67a

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 66a(21 mg, 0.036 mmol) was converted into 4 mg (22%) of alcohol 67a.

Step 4. Saponification of 67a to Give 68a

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 67a (3 mg,0.059 mmol) was converted into 2 mg (71%) of the title compound (68a)after purification by preparative thin layer chromatography eluting with20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

Example 352-(2-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (68b) Step 1. Arylation of 65 to Give 66b

In accordance with the procedures of example 24, step 2, 65 (100 mg,0.23 mmol) and bromobenzene (47 μL, 0.45 mmol) were converted into 20 mg(17%) of 66b after heating at 60° C. for 18 h.

Step 2. Deprotection of 66b to Give 67b

In accordance with the procedures of example 2, step 3, THP-ether 66b(20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was converted into 11 mg (66%) of alcohol 67b

Step 3. Saponification of 67b to Give 68b

In accordance with the procedures of example 4, step 3, ester 67b (6 mg,0.014 mmol) was converted into 4 mg (71%) of the title compound (68b)after purification by preparative thin layer chromatography eluting with20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂.

In Vitro Testing

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/553,143, filed on Oct. 26, 2006,incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes the methodsused to obtain the in vitro data in the table below.

Ex- am- EP2 data EP4 data ple flipr cAMP flipr Other Receptors (EC50 innM) # Structure EC50 EC50 Ki EC50 Ki hFP hEP1 hEP3A hTP tIP hDP 1

37 0.2 2.2 >10000 440 NA NA >10000 >10000 NA NA 2

85 0.13 2 >10000 135 NA NA NA NA NA >10000 3

101 1.3 10 15893 43989 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4

44 0.09 2.3 15856 162 NA NA NA NA NA NA 5

458 3 38 1923 1986 NA NA NA NA NA 2095 6

22 0.3 7 >10000 876 NA NA NA 85346 NA NA 7

7135 207 425 3219 NA NA NA 95 NA 6389 8

328 1.4 8 10016 86 NA NA NA NA NA NA 9

72 0.03 0.7 17315 286 NA NA 5783 NA NA NA 10

1543 0.1 1.4 >10000 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA 11

2164 12 24 6459 239 NA NA NA NA NA NA 12

17 0.1 2 16858 144 NA NA 9877 3783 NA 12295 13

>10000 0.4 2 >10000 193 NA NA NA NA NA NA 14

7 0.04 1.2 3462 616 NA NA 3883 NA NA NA 15

5 0.08 0.6 250 259 NA >10000 140 NA NA >10000 16

11 2 33 5447 2043 NA >10000 262 NA NA >10000 17

9 0.05 5 33750 700 NA NA 11041 NA NA NA 18

22 0.6 30 3222 1792 NA NA NA NA NA NA 19

349 0.25 4 26604 1022 NA NA >10000 NA NA NA 20

221 0.03 0.5 630 114 NA >10000 4027 NA NA >10000 22

235 0.18 13 21225 567 NA NA >10000 NA NA NA 23

79 3 30 NA NA 7996 NA NA NA 24

107 4 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA 25

135 0.00 <0.06 1806 466 NA NA NA NA NA NA 26

56 0.08 0.3 616 316 NA NA NA NA NA NA 27

19 0.03 1 10985 436 NA NA NA NA NA NA 28

0.6 10 5679 825 NA NA 8521 NA NA 18345 29

3.3 64 5910 1875 NA NA NA NA NA NA 30

3 0.2 11 >10000 2141 NA NA NA NA NA NA 31

2 0.3 4 4195 1446 NA NA NA NA NA NA 32

306 7 79 >10000 8669 NA NA NA NA NA NA 33

0.22 2 8991 1524 NA NA NA NA NA NA 34

5.16 1.5 3.3 60 NA NA 2876 NA NA 14810 35

0.6 5 10 463 NA NA 1900 NA NA 1031

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having a formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein a dashed linerepresents the presence or absence of a bond; Y is COR⁴ or CONR⁵R⁶,wherein R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ are independently H or C₂-C₆ alkyl; or Y ishydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup; A is cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃— or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; U¹ and U² areindependently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, and —CN; and B is arylor heteroaryl, provided that if U¹ is ═O, U² is not —OH or —H.
 2. Acompound having a formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein a dashed linerepresents the presence or absence of a bond; Y is CO₂R⁴ or CONR⁵R⁶,wherein R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ are independently H or C₂-C₆ alkyl; or Y ishydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup; A is cis —CH₂CH═CH—(CH₂)₃— or —CH₂C≡C—(CH₂)₃—, wherein 1 or 2carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH₂)_(m)—Ar—(CH₂)_(o)—wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 —CH₂— may be replaced by S or O, and 1—CH₂—CH₂— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; U¹ is —H, —OH, —F, —Cl,or —CN; U² is —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl, or —CN; and B is aryl or heteroaryl.3. A compound having a formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein a dashed linerepresents the presence or absence of a bond; Y is CO₂R⁴ or CONR⁵R⁶,wherein R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ are independently H or C₂-C₆ alkyl; or Y ishydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or Y is a tetrazolyl functionalgroup; U¹ and U² are independently selected from —H, ═O, —OH, —F, —Cl,and —CN; and B is aryl or heteroaryl.
 4. The compound according to claim1, wherein B is substituted phenyl or pyridinyl.
 5. The compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein U¹ is ═O.
 6. The compound according toclaim 1, wherein U¹ is —H.
 7. The compound according to claim 1, whereinU¹ is —OH.
 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein U¹ is —F. 9.The compound according to claim 1, wherein U¹ is —Cl.
 10. The compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein U¹ is —CN.
 11. The compound according toclaim 5, wherein U² is ═O.
 12. The compound according to claim 6,wherein U² is —H.
 13. The compound according to claim 6, wherein U² is—OH.
 14. The compound according to claim 5, wherein U² is —F.
 15. Thecompound according to claim 5, wherein U² is —Cl.
 16. The compoundaccording to claim 5, wherein U² is —CN.
 17. The compound of claim 2having a formula


18. The compound according to claim 4 wherein B is substituted withsubstituents selected from F, Cl, C₁₋₃ alkyl, and hydroxyalkyl havingfrom 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
 19. The compound of claim 17, wherein B isselected from


20. The compound of claim 19, said compound selected from:


21. A compound wherein the compound is selected from the groupconsisting of:5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dichlorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)prop-1-enyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-2-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-2-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-3,5-difluorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-3,5-difluorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dimethylstyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-(3-(but-3-enyl)styryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((E)-3-chloro-5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((Z)-3-chloro-5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)styryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(3-methylstyryl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-((E)-2-(2-propylpyridin-4-yl)vinyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;2-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dichlorostyryl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid;2-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-((E)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-chlorostyryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid;2-(2-((1R,2R,3R,5R)-2-((Z)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-chlorostyryl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1S,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid; Isopropyl5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate;5-(3-((1S,2S,3R,5R)-5-cyano-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (faster eluting HPLC diastereomer);5-(3-((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (slower eluting HPLC diastereomer);5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-(3-ethylphenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-2-((3-(but-3-enyl)phenyl)ethynyl)-5-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-3-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;5-(3-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-((3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)ethynyl)cyclopentyl)propyl)thiophene-2-carboxylicacid;2-(2-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-2-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid; and,2-(2-((1R,2S,3R,5R)-5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylethynyl)cyclopentyl)ethylthio)thiazole-4-carboxylicacid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.